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dmaports.txt
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1993-01-25
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* Quoted from "TechHelp!" - version unavailable.
Port Description
▀▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
000H-01fH DMA (Direct Memory Access) controller See DMA Ports
020H-03fH Interrupt Controller
==============================================================================
DMA (Direct Memory Access) is used for high-speed data transfers between I/O
devices and memory without intervention of the CPU. It is typically employed
by diskette and hard disk drivers, but it could be used for streaming tape or
any other device as long as it does not interfere with the operation of other
standard devices.
The original PC supports four 8-bit DMA channels, across a 20-bit address
space, using an Intel 8237A DMA controller chip. The ▌AT▐ supports 7 DMA
channels by cascading a second 8237A DMA controller. The differences between
PC and AT DMA are covered at the end of this section.
Channel Usage in PC and XT
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
0 memory refresh (highest priority)
1 not used
2 diskette adapter
3 hard disk adapter (lowest priority)
Port Description
▀▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
000H-007H DMA base address an offset registers
All are 16-bit registers: read/write the low byte, then the high byte
at the same I/O port. Base addresses are offsets from a DMA Page (see
below).
000H Write: DMA channel 0 base address (also sets current address)
Read: DMA channel 0 current address
001H Write: DMA channel 0 base address and word count
Read: DMA channel 0 current word count
002H Write: DMA channel 1 base address
Read: DMA channel 1 current address
003H Write: DMA channel 1 base address and word count
Read: DMA channel 1 current word count
004H Write: DMA channel 2 base address (diskette adapter)
Read: DMA channel 2 current address "
005H Write: DMA channel 2 base address and word count "
Read: DMA channel 2 current word count "
006H Write: DMA channel 3 base address (hard disk adapter)
Read: DMA channel 3 current address "
007H Write: DMA channel 3 base address and word count "
Read: DMA channel 3 current word count "
■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
008H-00fH DMA control/status registers
008H Write: DMA command register
╓7┬6┬5┬4┬3┬2┬1┬0╖
║ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ║
╙╥┴╥┴╥┴╥┴╥┴╥┴╥┴╥╜ bit
║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═ 0: 1=enable memory-to-memory DMA (ch0═ch1)
║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══ 1: 1=enable Ch0 address hold
║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═════ 2: 1=disable controller
║ ║ ║ ║ ╚═══════ 3: 1=select compressed timing mode
║ ║ ║ ╚═════════ 4: 1=enable rotating priority
║ ║ ╚═══════════ 5: 1=select extended write mode; 0=late write
║ ╚═════════════ 6: 1=select DRQ sensing as active high; 0=low
╚═══════════════ 7: 1=select DACK sensing as active high; 0=low
Read: DMA status register
╓7┬6┬5┬4┬3┬2┬1┬0╖
║ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ║
╙─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─╜ bit
╚══╦══╝ ╚═════╩═ 0-3: channel 0-3 has reached terminal count
╚════════════ 4-7: channel 0-3 has a request pending
009H Write: request register
╓7┬6┬5┬4┬3┬2┬1┬0╖
║ unused │ │ ║
╙─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴╥┴─┴─╜ bit
║ ╚═╩═ 0-1: select channel (00=0; 01=1; 10=2; 11=3)
╚═════ 2: 1=set request bit for channel; 0=reset request
00aH Write: single mask bit register
╓7┬6┬5┬4┬3┬2┬1┬0╖
║ unused │ │ ║
╙─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴╥┴─┴─╜ bit
║ ╚═╩═ 0-1: select channel (00=0; 01=1; 10=2; 11=3)
╚═════ 2: 1=set mask for channel; 0=clear mask (enable)
00bH Write: mode register
╓7┬6┬5┬4┬3┬2┬1┬0╖
║ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ║
╙─┴─┴╥┴╥┴─┴─┴─┴─╜ bit
╚╦╝ ║ ║ ╚╦╝ ╚═╩═ 0-1: select channel (00=0; 01=1; 10=2; 11=3)
║ ║ ║ ╚══════ 2-3: transfer type (00=verify=Nop; 01=write; 10=read)
║ ║ ╚═════════ 4: 1=enable auto-initialization
║ ╚═══════════ 5: 1=select address increment; 0=address decrement
╚══════════════ 6-7: 00=demand mode; 01=single; 10=block; 11=cascade
00cH Write: clear byte pointer flip-flop. Any write clears the flip-flop so
that the next write to any of the 16-bit registers is decoded as
the low byte. The next is the high byte, then next is low, etc.
00dH Write: master clear. Any OUT clears the ctrlr (must be re-initialized)
Read: temporary reg. Last byte in memory-to-memory xfer (not used)
00eH Write: Clear mask registers. Any OUT enables all 4 channels.
00fH Write: master clear. Clear or mask any or all of the channels.
╓7┬6┬5┬4┬3┬2┬1┬0╖
║ │ │ │ │ ║
╙─┴─┴─┴─┴╥┴╥┴╥┴╥╜ bit
║ ║ ║ ╚═ 0: 1=mask channel 0; 0=enable
║ ║ ╚═══ 1: 1=mask channel 1;
║ ╚═════ 2: 1=mask channel 2;
╚═══════ 3: 1=mask channel 3;
Read: temporary reg. Last byte in memory-to-memory xfer (not used)
■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
081H-08fH DMA page registers.
To select a starting address for a DMA operation, do an OUT to the page
register (ports 81H-83H) for the selected channel then set the base
address (ports 00H-07H) for the channel. A page register is set with a
4-bit value that represents bits 16-19 of the 20-bit DMA address. Since
the current address is a 16-bit value, it is not possible to cross a 64K
boundary (eg, address 1000:0, 2000:0, etc.) with a DMA operation.
081H Channel 2 page register (diskette DMA)
082H Channel 3 page register (hard disk DMA)
083H Channel 1 page register
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
┌─────────┐
│▌AT▐ DMA │ The DMA system on the AT is basically upwardly-compatible with PC
└─────────┘ and XT DMA. In addition to the four 8-bit channels of the PC, the
AT adds a second 8237A-5 DMA controller which supports channels 4-7.
Channel Usage in AT
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
0 spare ─┐
1 SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control) ╞═ 8-bit DMA channels
2 diskette adapter │ │
3 hard disk adapter ─┘ │
4 (controller 2) cascade for controller 1 ─┐ │
5 spare ╞═ 16-bit DMA channels │
6 spare │ │
7 spare ─┘ │
│
■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■│
081H-08fH DMA page registers. On the AT, all 8 bits of the Page registers are│
used. They become the high 8-bits of a 24-bit address space (with the │
low 16-bits being set in a channel's base/current address register). │
The page size is 128K (64K words) so DMA transfers must not cross a 128K│
boundary (eg, address 2000:0, 4000:0, 6000:0, etc.) │
│
081H Channel 2 page register (diskette DMA) (address bits 16-23) │
082H Channel 3 page register (hard disk DMA) (address bits 16-23) │
083H Channel 1 page register (address bits 16-23) │
087H Channel 0 page register (address bits 16-23) │
089H Channel 6 page register (address bits 17-23) │
08bH Channel 5 page register (address bits 17-23) │
08aH Channel 7 page register (address bits 17-23) │
0ceH Channel 7 current word count
■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
0d0H-0dfH ▌AT▐ DMA control/status registers
===================================================================